Millions of adults worldwide suffer from cataracts, a common eye ailment that is usually linked to ageing. However many people might not know that cataracts can affect children as well, although less frequently.
In this blog, we examine the uncommon condition of cataracts in children, including its causes, signs, and potential treatments. We aim to raise awareness and understanding of pediatric cataracts by bringing this little-known area of eye health to light.
Cataracts in Children
Children’s cataracts, sometimes referred to as pediatric cataracts, are characterized by clouding of the lens of the eye, which impairs vision. Cataracts can affect newborns, toddlers, and older children, though they are more frequently linked to older adults.
Pediatric cataracts are very uncommon, yet they can have a major impact on a child’s general quality of life and visual development.
Causes of Pediatric Cataracts
- Congenital Cataract
Congenital cataracts, present at birth or detected within the first year of life, may occur due to genetic factors, maternal infections during pregnancy, or metabolic disorders. In some cases, cataracts may be associated with genetic syndromes such as Down syndrome.
- Acquired Cataract
Acquired cataracts in children may develop as a result of trauma to the eye, exposure to certain medications or toxins, or underlying medical conditions such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes mellitus. In rare cases, cataracts may also develop secondary to intrauterine infections or metabolic abnormalities.
Symptoms of Pediatric Cataracts
- Poor Eye Contact
Infants with cataracts may exhibit poor eye contact or avoidance of visual stimuli. They may also display unusual eye movements, such as nystagmus or strabismus, due to visual impairment.
- Reduced Visual Responsiveness
Children with cataracts may demonstrate reduced visual responsiveness or delayed developmental milestones related to vision, such as reaching for objects, tracking moving objects, or making eye contact with caregivers.
- Cloudy Pupil
A cloudy or white appearance of the pupil, known as leukocoria, maybe a visible sign of pediatric cataracts. This characteristic symptom is often detected during routine eye examinations or observed by parents or caregivers.
Treatment Options for Pediatric Cataracts
- Surgical Intervention
Surgery is the primary treatment for pediatric cataracts, intending to remove the cloudy lens and restore clear vision. Pediatric cataract surgery, also known as pediatric cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation, is a delicate procedure performed under general anaesthesia by a skilled pediatric ophthalmologist.
- Vision Rehabilitation
Following surgery, children with cataracts may require vision rehabilitation to optimize visual outcomes and promote healthy visual development. Vision therapy, glasses or contact lenses, and low vision aids may be recommended to support visual function and improve quality of life.
- Ongoing Monitoring and Follow-Up Care
Regular eye examinations and ongoing monitoring are essential to monitor visual development and detect any potential complications or refractive errors following pediatric cataract surgery. Close collaboration between parents, caregivers, and eye care professionals is crucial to ensuring optimal outcomes for children with cataracts.
Conclusion
While cataracts in children are relatively rare, they can have significant implications for visual development and overall well-being. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatment options for pediatric cataracts, parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals can take proactive steps to address this condition and support healthy visual development in children. With early detection, timely intervention, and comprehensive care, children with cataracts can achieve optimal visual outcomes and lead fulfilling lives.